.research-main {
  padding: 0 0 80px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, #eef4ff 0, #f7f8fa 440px, #f7f8fa 100%);
}

.research-shell {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.research-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(340px, 0.65fr);
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: end;
  padding-top: 72px;
  padding-bottom: 56px;
}

.research-hero-copy {
  display: grid;
  gap: 20px;
}

.research-kicker,
.research-toc-label {
  margin: 0;
  color: #1d4ed8;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-hero h1 {
  max-width: 13ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(3.25rem, 7vw, 5.9rem);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
}

.research-dek {
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: #334155;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-byline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 24px;
  color: #64748b;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.79rem;
}

.research-byline span + span::before {
  content: "·";
  margin-right: 24px;
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.snapshot-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
}

.snapshot-grid div {
  padding: 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
}

.snapshot-grid div:nth-child(odd) {
  border-right: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
}

.snapshot-grid div:nth-last-child(-n + 2) {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.snapshot-grid dt {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: #64748b;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.69rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.snapshot-grid dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.research-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 820px);
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: start;
  justify-content: center;
}

.research-toc {
  position: sticky;
  top: 96px;
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid #d9dee7;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.research-toc ol {
  display: grid;
  gap: 11px;
  margin: 18px 0;
  padding-left: 1.35rem;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.research-toc a {
  color: #334155;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-toc a:hover,
.research-toc a:focus-visible {
  color: #1d4ed8;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.research-method-link {
  display: block;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-article {
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #d9dee7;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.research-article > section {
  padding: 56px 64px;
}

.research-article > section + section {
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.research-article p,
.research-article li {
  color: #475569;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.research-article p {
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

.research-article strong {
  color: #0f172a;
}

.research-article a {
  color: #1d4ed8;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.research-article code {
  padding: 0.12rem 0.36rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #f1f5f9;
  color: #1e3a8a;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.research-hook {
  max-width: 25ch;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 4vw, 2.5rem) !important;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.2 !important;
}

.research-intro > p:not(.research-hook) {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.research-takeaway {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  margin-top: 34px;
  padding: 24px;
  border-left: 4px solid #2563eb;
  background: #eff6ff;
}

.research-takeaway span {
  color: #1d4ed8;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.73rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-takeaway p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #1e3a8a;
}

.finding {
  scroll-margin-top: 92px;
}

.finding-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.finding-number {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 58px;
  height: 58px;
  border: 1px solid #93c5fd;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: #1d4ed8;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.finding-stat {
  margin: 0 0 7px !important;
  color: #1d4ed8 !important;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.76rem !important;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.finding h2,
.research-conclusion h2,
.research-method h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 4vw, 2.35rem);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.research-article blockquote {
  margin: 34px 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 24px;
  border-left: 3px solid #2563eb;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.research-table-wrap {
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 24px 0 30px;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.research-article table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 520px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
}

.research-article th,
.research-article td {
  padding: 13px 16px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  text-align: right;
}

.research-article th {
  background: #f8fafc;
  color: #334155;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-article th:first-child,
.research-article td:first-child {
  text-align: left;
}

.research-caveat,
.interpretation-boundary {
  padding: 20px 22px;
  border: 1px solid #fed7aa;
  border-radius: 7px;
  background: #fff7ed;
  color: #9a3412 !important;
}

.research-caveat {
  margin-top: 30px !important;
  font-size: 0.94rem !important;
}

.research-figure {
  margin: 36px -24px 34px;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.research-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.research-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-equation {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 30px 0;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #0f172a;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
}

.research-equation strong {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.research-takeaway--dark {
  border-left-color: #60a5fa;
  background: #0f172a;
}

.research-takeaway--dark span {
  color: #93c5fd;
}

.research-takeaway--dark p {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.research-conclusion {
  background: #eff6ff;
}

.research-conclusion h2 {
  max-width: 22ch;
  margin: 12px 0 24px;
}

.research-conclusion p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: #1e3a8a;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.research-method {
  scroll-margin-top: 92px;
}

.research-method > h2 {
  margin: 12px 0 30px;
}

.method-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 0 0 30px;
}

.method-grid dl {
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.method-grid dl div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.method-grid dl div:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.method-grid dt {
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.method-grid dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-align: right;
}

.download-panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 34px 0;
  padding: 24px;
  border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #eff6ff;
}

.download-title {
  margin: 0 0 4px !important;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.download-panel p:last-child {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.download-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
}

.download-actions a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 0 14px;
  border: 1px solid #2563eb;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.download-actions a:hover,
.download-actions a:focus-visible {
  background: #dbeafe;
}

.interpretation-boundary {
  margin: 34px 0;
}

.interpretation-boundary h3,
.research-method > h3 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.interpretation-boundary p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #9a3412;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.source-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.source-list li + li {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .research-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 32px;
  }

  .snapshot-grid {
    max-width: 640px;
  }

  .research-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .research-toc {
    position: static;
  }

  .research-toc ol {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .research-shell {
    width: min(100% - 24px, 1180px);
  }

  .research-main {
    padding-bottom: 48px;
  }

  .research-hero {
    padding-top: 44px;
    padding-bottom: 36px;
  }

  .research-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.65rem, 14vw, 4rem);
  }

  .research-dek {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }

  .research-byline {
    display: grid;
    gap: 5px;
  }

  .research-byline span + span::before {
    content: none;
  }

  .snapshot-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .snapshot-grid div,
  .snapshot-grid div:nth-child(odd),
  .snapshot-grid div:nth-last-child(-n + 2) {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
  }

  .snapshot-grid div:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .research-toc {
    padding: 18px;
  }

  .research-toc ol {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-article > section {
    padding: 38px 22px;
  }

  .research-takeaway,
  .research-takeaway--dark {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .finding-heading {
    grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .finding-number {
    width: 46px;
    height: 46px;
  }

  .research-figure {
    margin-right: 0;
    margin-left: 0;
    padding: 10px;
  }

  .research-equation {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  .method-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .method-grid dl div {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 3px;
  }

  .method-grid dd {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .download-panel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}

.chart-story-hero {
  display: grid;
  gap: 22px;
  padding-top: 64px;
  padding-bottom: 42px;
}

.chart-story-hero h1 {
  max-width: 18ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 6vw, 5rem);
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
}

.chart-story-hero .research-dek {
  max-width: 68ch;
}

.chart-story-panel {
  width: min(1000px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #d9dee7;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.chart-story-panel > section {
  padding: 48px 56px;
}

.chart-story-panel > section + section {
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.chart-story-panel p,
.chart-story-panel li {
  color: #475569;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.chart-story-panel p {
  margin: 0 0 1.2rem;
}

.chart-story-panel a {
  color: #1d4ed8;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.chart-story-panel strong {
  color: #0f172a;
}

.chart-story-panel h2 {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 4vw, 2.2rem);
  line-height: 1.16;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.chart-story-figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 24px;
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.chart-story-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
  background: #ffffff;
}

.chart-story-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.chart-highlight-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
}

.chart-highlight {
  padding: 22px;
  border: 1px solid #dbe3ef;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.chart-highlight-label {
  margin: 0 0 14px !important;
  color: #1d4ed8 !important;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.76rem !important;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.chart-highlight-values {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 0;
}

.chart-highlight-values div {
  min-width: 0;
}

.chart-highlight-values dt {
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

.chart-highlight-values dd {
  margin: 3px 0 0;
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "Sora", "Inter", sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.chart-definition {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 24px;
  border-left: 4px solid #2563eb;
  background: #eff6ff;
}

.chart-definition strong {
  color: #1d4ed8;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.chart-definition p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #1e3a8a;
}

.chart-method-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 28px;
  margin: 22px 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.chart-method-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 10px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.chart-method-list span:last-child {
  color: #0f172a;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-align: right;
}

.chart-page-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 26px;
}

.chart-page-actions a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 0 14px;
  border: 1px solid #2563eb;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.chart-page-actions a:first-child {
  background: #2563eb;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.chart-page-actions a:hover,
.chart-page-actions a:focus-visible {
  background: #dbeafe;
  color: #1d4ed8;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .chart-story-hero {
    padding-top: 44px;
    padding-bottom: 34px;
  }

  .chart-story-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.45rem, 13vw, 3.8rem);
  }

  .chart-story-panel {
    width: min(100% - 24px, 1000px);
  }

  .chart-story-panel > section {
    padding: 34px 22px;
  }

  .chart-story-figure {
    padding: 10px;
  }

  .chart-highlight-grid,
  .chart-method-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .chart-definition {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
  }
}